BI 171 - Second Exam - 1999

NOTE - the numbers link to related information in the book.  Not all information on old exams is in the new book (so some numbers have no link), and if something looks unfamiliar, you can check to see if it's from a chapter you're supposed to be studying for your current exam.


Multiple Choice.

Place the letter of the choice that best answers the question on the line to the left. Two Points Each. NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct answer.

_______  1. A sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate are the components of a(n)
                        a. Antibody             b. Enzyme             c. Nucleotide            d. Cytosol 
                                                            e. Festive autumn drink

_______  2. In multicellular organisms, cell walls tend to limit
                        a. Metabolic rate             b. Cell size             c. Enzyme activity
                        d. Mobility                                 e. Meal choices

_______  3. Temperature is a measurement of what at the atomic level?
                        a. Activation energy             b. Kinetic energy             c. Bonding energy
                        d. Optimal energy                 e. Whether the atoms can call in sick

_______  4. Which cells would have the most rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi
                                 apparatus?
                        a. Cells that produce and store lipid
                        b. Glandular cells that produce and secrete a protein hormone
                        c. Liver cells that detoxify drugs
                        d. Complex bacterial cells
                        e. Cells with the most available discretionary cash

_______ 5. Thylakoid membranes would be found in the cells of a
                        a. Lettuce             b. Bacterium             c. Dog            d. Fungus 
                                                        e. Thykaloid

_______ 6. An antibody's ability to bind only to a particular antigen is an example of
                        a. Homology             b. Analogy             c. Stereospecificity
                        d. Affinity                     e. Really anal-neurotic molecules

_______ 7. Proteins are constructed in living things starting with the
                        a. N- terminus                     b. Middle
                        c. C- terminus                     d. Subsidiary chains
                                    e. Proper notarized bids

_______ 8. Chaperonins are involved in
                        a. Enzyme regulation                    b. Gene expression
                        c. Protein folding                         d. Rate equilibrium
                                            e. Molecule proms

_______ 9. Cooperative effect works on which structure level?
                        a. Primary             b. Secondary             c. Tertiary
                        d. Quaternary                 e. Hmmm....this could be useful...

_______10. Electrophoresis separates peptides out according to
                        a. pH & water content             b. Size & charge             c. Function
                        d. All of the above                             e. Ethnic background

_______11. The designation k is given to the
                        a. Reaction rate             b. Optimal pH            c. The active site 
                        d. The reaction product            e. Whatever they put into the cereal

_______12. A reaction with an equilibrium constant of more than 1 tends to 
                                move forward;  the Keq is calculated by
                        a. Dividing product concentration by reactant concentration
                        b. Multiplying product concentration by reactant concentration
                        c. Dividing reactant concentration by product concentration
                        d. Multiplying reactant concentration by product concentration
                        e. Asking somebody else to figure it out for you

_______ 13. A nucleolus should have a sizeable amount of
                        a. RNA             b. DNA             c. Glycocalex            d. Membranes 
                                                    e. Free pizza coupons

_______ 14. The structure of an amino acid:
                        a. The R group, alpha carbon and carboxyl are on the amino group
                        b. The R group, alpha carbon and amino group are on the carboxyl group
                        c. The alpha carbon, amino and carboxyl groups are on the R group
                        d. The amino, carboxyl, and R groups are on the alpha carbon
                        e. There's a bunch of stuff stirred up in a mess

_______ 15. The number of substrates that an enzyme molecule can process per second:
                        a. Rate constant                                 b. Optimal constant
                        c. Equilibrium constant                       d. Turnover number   
                e. Depends on whether the enzyme is on straight hourly or piecework payscale

_______ 16. A ligand is equivalent to a(n)
                        a. Enzyme             b. Substrate             c. Codon            d. Cofactor 
                                                e. A meth (it's a spelling joke)

_______ 17. A cell covered with microvilli would most likely be doing which job?
                        a. Absorbing materials             b. Moving through water
                        c. Photosynthesizing                 d. Holding tissues together
                                            e. Making really tiny pasta

_______ 18. Proteins that are homologous would certainly be similar in
                        a. Function             b. Amino acid sequence             c. Cofactor usage
                        d. Mutational patterns                 e. Baseball team preferences


Short Answer.  

Pick TEN Questions to answer in the spaces provided.
NOTE: if you answer MORE than ten, only the first ten will be corrected.
Four Points each. Partial credit is possible.


1. What are two facts that support the endosymbiont theory for mitochondria?




2. What is a Q10?




3.  What are two typical elements of cytoskeleton?





4. What's the basic difference between a mineral-based prosthetic group and a mineral-based cofactor? Be sure to indicate which is which.




5. Name two features of flagella that make them distinctly different from cilia.




6. What is (define!) a catalyst?




7. Define activation energy.




8. What sorts of bond types can be found holding various proteins together?


9. Describe two different types of indirect enzyme inhibitions.




10. What exactly is a ribozyme?




11. In Nature, what is a limiting factor? Explain it generally rather than giving an example.




12. What are two rules included in the Cell Theory?




13. What is a dynamic equilibrium?




14. Briefly explain the typical ionization patterns found in amino acids.




15. What is the evolutionary importance of genetic redundancy?




16. What exactly happens at the active site of an enzyme?




17. What is apoptosis?

 

 

Long Answer.  

Select and answer completely any four of the following questions.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the first four will be corrected.
Six Points Each. Partial credit is possible.


1. Pick one of the two commonly-used types of microscopes (light or electron) and give two advantages and two disadvantages it has in comparison to the other.
Type:

 

 

Advantages

over Other(2):

 

Disadvantages

vs Other(2):

 


2. Name and define three of the structural levels of protein molecules.
 

 

 

 

 

 



3. What are three different possible effects that a change in a codon can have on the gene's protein?








4. What are six cellular features, bigger than just molecules, that might be found in both a prokaryote and a eukaryote?






5. Give a brief description (a single word will NOT be enough) of six different types of functions performed by proteins.












6. For an enzyme whose optimal temperature is 37o Celsius, briefly discuss what's happening to the molecules involved (don't just discuss reaction rates!) at...

Temperatures

below

37o:

At 37o:

Temperatures

above

37o:

7. Michaelis-Menten Kinetics can be represented on a graph. Draw the graph, with axes properly labeled, and describe what's going on for the two main slopes and the transition point.














LINK TO ANSWER KEY.

BONUS QUESTIONS. Answer as many or as few as you wish. You can't lose points on the rest of the exam by getting these wrong. Partial credit is possible.

What sorts of different non-protein materials are produced as structural materials in organisms? Three Points each.



What are two "unusual" aspects of the amino acids found in living things, features that have to be addressed when explaining the origins of Life's chemistry? Four Points each.



What might be the advantage of not lowering a low-grade fever that has resulted from a bacterial infection? Be specific. Four Points.



Why isn't it reasonable that an enzyme would catalyze a reaction equally in both directions? Four Points.




What minerals can spur the growth of fresh-water algae? Three Points.





What minerals, according to a current theory, are needed to insure the growth of salt-water algae? Three Points.





Why exactly would an organism need a contractile vacuole? Four Points.

 

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