SC 135 - Third Exam 2003

MULTIPLE CHOICE. On the line to the left, place the letter of the choice that best answers the question. Three Points Each. NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct answer.

 

1. All gametes should have what trait in common?

_______      a. They all should be mobile                              b. They all should be haploid
                    c. They should only be made by animals        d. They all should have chlorophyll
                                e. They all should be mad that someone named them "gametes"

 

2. New York fish have concentrations of PCBs in their fatty tissues due to

_______      a. Bioaccumulation                     b. Mutation                      c. ATP processes 
                    d. Snow cover effects                      e. A questionable - one could say fishy - lifestyle

 

3. Nitrogenous wastes result from processing of

_______      a. Protein                     b. Chlorophyll                     c. Genes  
                    d. Lipids                                     e. Dirt and slime

 

4. Which depends upon the products of anaerobic organisms?

_______      a. Corn farming                     b. Soda bottling                c. Mushroom farming 
                    d. Bread baking                            e. Most jokes made by middle-school males

 

5. Whether an allele is dominant or recessive is dependent upon

_______      a. How often it is passed on                      b. Actual DNA sequence
                    c. The effect of the coded protein             d. All of these
                                                                e. It basic personality

 

6. The second law of thermodynamics is connected to which statement?

_______      a. Materials in a food chain get recycled      
                        b. Enzymes have optimal temperatures
                    c. Energy moving up a food chain gradually is lost as heat
                    d. Energy frequency is connected to energy wavelength
                    e. "I don’t remember what the second law of thermodynamics is."

 

7. A point mutation occurs at what "point"?

_______      a. DNA base                     b. Centromere                    c. Chromatid 
                    d. Anaphase                                                e. A mutation point

 

8. Minerals in the diet are often used in the body in

_______      a. Respiration                     b. Cofactors                    c. Chromosomes 
                    d. Mitosis                                 e. Nasty ways when nobody’s looking

 

9. Glycolysis leads into what stage?

_______      a. Mitosis                     b. Calvin Cycle                     c. Krebs Cycle
                    d. Meiosis II                                     e. Adolescence

 

10. Which are involved at the very beginning of photosynthesis and the very end 
                            of aerobic respiration?

_______      a. Oxygen & Water                         b. Carbon Dioxide & Water
                        c. Oxygen & Glucose                      d. Carbon Dioxide & Glucose
                                    e. What you expect and what you really get

 

11. Any trait produced by a metabolic pathway would be a

_______      a. Homologous trait                                   b. Multiple gene trait
                    c. ATP-linked trait                                     d. Recessive trait
                                                e. Lot better with a driveway

 

12. If in visible light, wavelengths go from long at the red end to short 
                            at the violet end, which statement should be true?

_______      a. All visible light must be at the same frequency
                        b. Red would have a higher frequency than blue
                        c. Blue waves would have more energy than red waves
                        d. Green waves would have no energy
                        e. Is it bad if I’m starting to see colored spots-?

 

SHORT ANSWER. 

Answer any eight of the following questions for 4 Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than eight, only the first eight will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.

1. What, in general terms, are coupled in coupled reactions?

 

 

2. What is a karyotype?

 

 

3. What are two different uses for carotenoids in plants?

 

 

4. How are duplicate chromosomes separated for cell division in prokaryotes?

 

 

5. Briefly explain why each statement is true - (Don’t just reword the statements!)

There is more
total biomass in
producers than
consumers on Earth.

There are more
consumer species
than producer species.

6. There are two forms of genetic redundancy. Briefly explain how one of them works.

 

 

7. What are two different ways that gender is set in separate-sex organisms?

 

 

8. Molecule

How many phosphates?

ATP

AMP

9. When the protein-digesting enzyme pepsin moves from the stomach (pH around 2.5) to the small intestine (pH around 8), what must be done to deactivate the enzyme?

 

 

10. What are two things that happen during meiosis I that do not happen during mitosis?

 

 

 

11. What, according to current theory, are two different sources of energy that might have been available to aid the assembly of molecules in Earth’s primordial soup?

 

 

12. In organisms, most ATP is made from what sub-process (a part of a main process)?

 

 

13. What atmospheric effect is probably common to all of the causes of mass extinctions in the past, and why?

 

 

14. What specifically does a catalyst do to speed up a chemical reaction?

 

 

15. Briefly explain how an oxygen debt is built up

 

 

 

LONG ANSWER. 

Answer any four of the following questions for Eight Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the first four will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.

1. For this starting gene stretch of DNA complete the requested sequences -

DNA        _______________________________________________________________
strand          T  A  C  A  G  G  C  A  C  T  T  T  C  C  A  G  T  C  A  T  T

mRNA
Strand     _______________________________________________________________

Coded Amino
Acid Sequence _________________________________________________________

2. For the main photosynthesis reactions:

Name:

Materials or Energy Used

Materials Produced

 

 

 

 

 

3. Answer the questions for this graph of temperature and enzyme-aided reaction rate -

                                                      Why is the rate                                         X                                                           Why is the rate
                                 INCREASING                                 *       /\           *                                                        DECREASING
Reaction                       here?                                    *        What is        *                                                               here?
                                                                                                        *             this point             *
Rate                                                    X           called?                   X
                                                                                                *                                                               *
                                                                                              *                                                                    *
                                                                                          *                                                                               *
                                                                                  *                                                                                                *
                              *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *                                                                                                           *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *  *
                            _________________________________________________________________________________
                                                          TEMPERATURE -------->

4. Draw and label the progress, showing the cells, of the meiosis that makes...

 

SPERM

 

 
 

EGG

CELLS

 

5. Briefly describe three different ways that a molecule can be used to inhibit the activity of an enzyme.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6. For the four phases of mitosis (remember, one of the phases is not part of division!), name the phases in order and for each one, describe one thing that occurs only during that phase.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Link to Answer Key

BONUS QUESTIONS. 

Answer as many as you are able. Wrong answers will not result in points being lost from the main exam. You can get partial credit on these answers.

Humans are farthest up a food chain when we eat what sort of food? Three Points.

 

 

What does the theory of panspermia propose? Three Points.

 

 

What is Occam’s Razor? Four Points.

 

 

What common biological function is performed by irreversible enzyme inhibitors? Three Points.

 

 

What is "odd" about the basic definition of a vitamin? Three Points.

 

 

What sort of animal can see ultraviolet light? Three Points.

 

 

Photosynthesis may have started from a combination of two processes needed by hydrothermal vent organisms - what two processes? Three Points each.

 

 

Researchers in what two areas of human health are interested in telomeres? Three Points Each.

 

 

During mitosis, what important feature of a spindle fiber is related to its length? Three Points.

 

 

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