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SC 139 - Second Exam 2009
Numbers are linked to
relevant passages in the book.
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
On the line to the left, place the letter of the
choice that best answers the question.
Three Points Each. NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct answer.
1. Convergent evolution has its best
examples when features are
_______ a. Analogous and homologous
b. Analogous but not homologous
c. Homologous but not analogous
d. Neither analogous nor homologous
e. Very, very convergey
2. In a typical molecular clock, the
"ticks" of the clock are
_______ a. Radioactive decay
b. Anatomical changes
c. Minerals in fossil layers
d. Mutations
e. Probably not carrying Lyme disease
3. A near-extinction can produce
_______ a. A bottleneck effect
b. An alternation of generations
c. A primordial effect
d. A founder effect
e. A really bad weekend
4. The beginnings of mitochondria
and chloroplasts are found in the
_______ a. Colonialism hypothesis
b. Endosymbiont theory
c. RNA world hypothesis
d. Gaia hypothesis
e. Unpronounceable names handbook
5. Linkage between genes refers to their
_______ a. Making proteins used in the same processes
b. Similarities when compared between related organisms
c. Codes and the proteins made from the codes
d. Being together on the same chromosomes
e. Scandalous stories being revealed on the blogs
6. During the Cambrian explosion,
_______ a. All modern eukaryote groups appeared
b. All modern animal and plant groups appeared
c. All modern multicellular groups appeared
d. All modern animal groups appeared
e. Well, obviously something showed up...
7. The "plant problem" made the assumption that
_______ a. Only plants could absorb greenhouse gases
b. Animals and plants were closely related
c. The very first global ecosystem had to be like today's
d. All organisms use oxygen
e. The green guys were out to get us
8. In adaptive radiation, connections are made
among
_______ a. Related species in the same ecosystem
b. Related species in very different ecosystems
c. Unrelated but similar species in the same ecosystem
d. Unrelated but similar species in different ecosystems
e. Adapty things that glow in the dark
9. In alternations of generations, what exactly
alternates?
_______ a. Male and female
b. Single-celled and multicellular
c. Animal and plant
d. Sexual and asexual
e. Ummmm.... generations?
10. Mutations are most likely to produce
_______ a. Major changes in traits
b. Entirely new traits
c. No change or a change for the worse
d. All of the variation in a population
e. American Idol contestants
11. Evolution means change over time, but some animals
appear to have evolved a resistance to change, probably because they are
_______ a. In very stable niches
b. The last of their species
c. Very advanced forms
d. Purely homeostatic
e. The animal equivalents of Rush Limbaugh
12. If two species are considered ecospecies, then they should be
_______ a. Similar in appearance
b. Doing the same job
c. Genetically related
d. Living in the same place
e. Very politically correct
SHORT ANSWER.
Answer any eight of the following questions for 4
Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than eight, only the first eight will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.
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1. What two
factors most strongly influence how quickly or slowly a group might
evolve? |
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2. What are
two different things that can be compared in order to find
evolutionary connections between types of organisms? |
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3. What are
two different types of energy that might have been used by the
first competing molecules in the early Earth oceans? |
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5. For a high chromosome number - |
ADVANTAGE
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DISADVANTAGE
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6. What is
the function of a HOX gene, also called a homeogene? |
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7. Briefly
explain how sexual selection works, in evolutionary terms.
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8. Show the
chemical process of photosynthesis, including the relevant
energy. You can spell out molecule names. |
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9. Show the
chemical process of aerobic respiration, including the movement
of relevant energy. You can spell out molecule names. |
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10. Give one reason why embryos
are more likely to show relationships between groups than
adult forms might. |
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11. Translate
into modern English: "Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny." |
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12. Why is
it reasonable for evolution to be both gradual
and punctuated? |
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13. If a
currently-living animal appears almost identical to
ancient fossils, what is probably true about that animal's
microenvironment? |
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14. What is
hybrid vigor? |
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LONG ANSWER.
Answer any four of the following questions for
Eight Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the first four will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.
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1. What are
four different conditions that a "Hardy-Weinberg population"
must have? |
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2. For each step in the theoretical
development of Life on Earth, put them in chronological order,
from earliest to latest, 1 - 8 in the boxes to the left. |
Photosynthesis
___________ |
Molecular
Evolution ___________ |
Cellular
Colonialism ___________ |
Aerobic
Respiration ___________ |
Prokaryote
Cells
___________ |
"Snowball"
Period
___________ |
Primordial
Soup
___________ |
Multicelled
Systems
___________ |
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3. What are
four different circumstances a dead organism can be in
that can likely lead to their becoming fossils? |
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4. For
asexual reproduction, in general - |
Definition -
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Advantage over
sexual
reproduction -
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One way it overcomes its
disadvantage -
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5. Define or explain the exact nature of a - |
GENE
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ALLELE
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DOMINANT
ALLELE |
MEME
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6. Describe
(don't just give a simple label!) four different isolating situations
that can lead to the evolution of new species from the same starting
group. |
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7A. Two
critical features that early molecular systems had to have to be
considered the first steps of "Life" on Earth - |
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7B. Two
critical features that didn't have to be there right at the beginning,
but had to develop early because all modern Life has them - |
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Link to Answer Key
BONUS QUESTIONS.
Answer as many as you are able. Wrong answers
will not result in points being lost from the main exam. You can get partial
credit on these answers.
Why would fossils from the bottoms of lakes be hard to find? Three Points.
Give one example of a type of organism that has evolved a resistance to
evolutionary change. Three Points.
Why did Mendel use pea plants? Three Points.
Give an example of a genetic disease and the problem it can give an advantage
over. Three Points.
How does gender determination work in birds? Three Points.
What was Hardy - what was his job? Three Points.
Give an example of a non-human meme. Three Points.
What appears in the fossil record that shows the evolutionary appearance of
photosynthesis? Three Points.
For three points each, what modern discoveries have shown that photosynthesis
probably evolved at hydrothermal vents?
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