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SC 139 - Third Exam 2003
ANSWER KEY
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
On the line to the left, place the letter of the choice that best answers the
question.
Three Points Each. NOTE: "e" answers are never
the correct answer.
1. At higher altitudes or latitudes, there should be
___C___ a. More angiosperms and
fewer gymnosperms
b. More gymnosperms and fewer mosses
c. More gymnosperms and fewer angiosperms
d. No predictable change in plant ratios
e. More bars and churches
...gymnosperms are a bit hardier in terms of
temperature and soil
quality than angiosperms, and so can thrive farther up and farther
north.
2. A sporophyte is typically
___C___ a. A sexual plant
structure
b. A type of protozoan
c. An asexual plant
structure
d. A type of Cnidarian
e. The most self-centered of the biological terms
...the spores are made asexually.
3. The main function of plant cuticle is to
___D___ a. Gather
light b.
Physically protect c. Distribute
materials
d. Reduce water loss
e. Give plant nail stylists something to do
...the waxy covering prevents evaporation through the
epidermis -
generally, the waxier the plant, the drier the environment it's
adapted to
4. Which color / frequency of light are absorbed and used
by chlorophyll?
___C___ a.
Green b.
Ultra-violet c.
Purple d. All of
them e. The pretty one
...chlorophyll is green because it reflects
green - it absorbs mostly reds,
blues, and purples.
5. Alternation of generations with different sorts of hosts
occurs in
___B___ a. Amebas &
tapeworms
b. Apicomplexans & flukes
c. Corals &
mosses
d. Sponges & ferns
e. Only the most bizarre frat parties
...the "hosts" means that both groups should
be parasites, which
eliminates c and d. Amebas are generally not sexual
reproducers,
and were not given as alternators.
6. Schistosomes cause the most dangerous symptoms when
___C___ a. They invade the body
b. They allow infections to get into the tissues
c. When their eggs circulate
d. When their eggs pass into the organs next to the adults
e. They decide that they need better medical benefits.
...their eggs are spined to tear them out into the
intestine or bladder,
but are very dangerous if carried off into the blood.
7. The body cavity of a roundworm acts somewhat as
which systems?
___A___
a. Skeletal &
Circulation
b. Digestive & Hormonal
c. Reproductive &
Digestive
d. Muscular & Nervous
e. Icky & Squicky
...it is a hydrostatic skeleton and the liquid between
the gut and the
other tissues, so nutrients move through it.
8. Which would be nonvascular?
___D___ a.
Pine b.
Fern c. Rose
d. Moss e.
Something with no...vasks...
...pick the most primitive plant (all the rest are
vascular).
9. There is usually a connection between an algae’s
color and
___B___ a. Which ocean it grows
in
b. What depth it grows best at
c. The sorts of roots it
has
d. Where it moved onto land
e. Whether it accents your furniture
...the color matches the photosynthetic pigments used
to pick up the
light frequencies that penetrate to different depths.
10. What is the primary advantage flatworms get from
being flat?
___C____ a.
Sensory
b.
Protection
c. Size
d. Better
digestion
e. Weight Watchers endorsements
...for animals with no circulation, the only way to get
bigger is to still keep
the innermost cells near a surface - that means being flat.
11. Herbaceous stems
___C___ a. Have no
xylem b. Grow in ring
patterns c. Can photosynthesize
d. Have no phloem
e. Are some weird slang for thin legs
...herbaceous (green) is one type, the other is woody
(brown)
12. Which is a female part of a flower?
___A___ a.
Pistil b. Stomate
c. Petal d.
Stamen e. The girly bits
...it's the central "pillar" - d is
the male part.
SHORT ANSWER.
Answer any eight of the following questions for 4 Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than eight, only the first eight will
be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.
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1. What are the two basic-but-totally-different uses that
plants get out of glucose / sugars? |
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Energy in the dark |
Structure (component of cellulose /
plant fiber)
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2. Briefly explain how a tree ring is formed. (How
does the pattern arise?)
...during
a typical year, the good growing season (wet / warm) produces big, spaced
cells and light rings, the bad (dry / cold) small, dense cells and dark
rings.
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3. In organisms with genders, what are two different
ways that gender can be produced? There
are more than two - |
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...unmatched chromosome pairs
(like XX - XY)
...singlet-doublet
chromosomes
( XX - X0) |
As a response to
environmental factors
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4. What are two clearly visible features of female
pine cones that identify them as female? |
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They are LARGER |
They are LOWER on the tree
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5. Lichens are a combination of what two types of
organisms? |
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Algae |
Fungus
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6. What is the basic purpose of any type of fruit?
...to
provide a means to get seeds away from the parent plant.
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7. Answer for the caduceus - |
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What is it
Medical
today?
symbol
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What was it
Device for removing
in the past? roundworm
(guinea worms)
(Be somewhat specific!) parasites.
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8. Give the basic process of photosynthesis, including raw
materials, products, and energy involved. You can use chemical / elemental
symbols or write the words |
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Carbon Dioxide
+ Water
LIGHT > Glucose
+ Oxygen
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9. Give the basic function of the - |
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MACRONUCLEUS Basic
"running" of cell
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MICRONUCLEUS Main DNA storage. |
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10. What are two specific things generally carried in phloem?
(Down from leaves) |
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Sugars / fuel |
Water (because the sugars need to be dissolved)
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11. What are two different plant features whose evolution
is more based on coevolution? There are
many... |
Flowers
(including several flower parts).
Defensive structures (spines, stickum, etc) |
Fruits (edible, attachable, etc.)
Poisons.
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12. What are two different uses for carotenoids?
There are more than two, but we only discussed two
major ones. |
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Capture some light frequencies for
photosynthesis. |
Provide color to flowers, fruits, to
make them stand out at the proper time.
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13. What two pre-existing abilities were somewhat combined
to evolve pollen? |
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Spore production (early pollen spread
by air) |
Sprouting (formation of pollen tube)
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14. Briefly explain what the term pioneer organism means.
...these
are the first organisms to move into a "new" environment.
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15. How do auxin hormones work differently on -
auxins cause bending of the plant. |
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STEM Increase
growth (on side away from
CELLS the
light, where they move)
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ROOT Decrease
growth (on lower side,
CELLS where
they settle)
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LONG ANSWER.
Answer any four of the following
questions for Eight Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the
first four will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.
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1. Give four sets of differences between the groups below. If a
difference applies to some sort of part, be sure to tell what part! |
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MONOCOT |
DICOT |
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Seeds in one part (cotyledon) |
Seeds in two parts
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Leaf veins are parallel |
Leaf veins branch out from central
vein
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Root systems are fibrous |
Usually one main taproot with other
roots much smaller
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Flowers parts in multiples of 3 |
Flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5
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| Root
vascular cylinder in ring |
Root vascular cylinder a small
"X"
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| Do
not produce woody stems |
May have woody stems
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2. Step-by-step, what is the life cycle of a typical fern?
(NOTE: Depending upon how you describe them, there may be more or fewer
steps than the lines below.) |
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Zygote grows into frond-like, diploid
sporophyte. |
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Sori on sporophyte produce haploid
spores which spread through the air. |
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Spores that land in wet area grow
into gametophytes, male or female. |
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When water covers the ground, male
gametophytes release sperm to swim to egg cells in female gametophytes. |
Sperm
fuses with egg to produce diploid zygote. |
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3. Plants require nutrients other than those used
directly in photosynthesis. Give two different examples of this
sort of nutrient, and for each tell something that the plant uses that
nutrient for. |
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NITROGEN |
Used in protein production.
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PHOSPHORUS |
Used in ATP, the actual fuel things
run on, that cells make from glucose.
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4. What are four different happenings that are thought
might bring about mass extinctions? Most
produce quick changes in conditions, but with ice ages no one's really
sure what the "trigger" is. |
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ASTEROID / COMET IMPACTS
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VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
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ICE AGES |
CONTINENTAL DRIFT
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5. Name and then describe two different processes that help
water move up a plant. |
| DIFFUSION
/ OSMOSIS |
Movement from high concentration area
to low concentration area.
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| ADHESION
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Water's "stickiness" for
other materials, its tendency to be "sucked in" by fiber.
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| ROOT
PRESSURE |
Osmotic "push" as soil water
enters roots but cannot dilute cell fluid.
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| COHESION |
Water molecules "pulling" each
other along in a continuous tube.
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6. Give three sets of differences between - |
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SPERM |
EGG CELLS |
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SMALLER
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LARGER / HAS "YOLK"
MATERIAL |
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PRODUCED IN MUCH LARGER NUMBERS |
FEWER PRODUCED
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ABLE
TO GET TO WHERE EGG CELL IS |
DOES NOT HAVE WAY OF GETTING TO SPERM
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| ONE
STARTING CELL DIVIDES AND MAKES 4 SPERM |
ONE STARTING CELL DIVIDES AND MAKES 1
EGG CELL & 3 POLAR BODIES
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7. Step-by-step, follow the progress from sperm
production to seed production in a typical pine tree. (There
may be more or fewer steps than lines here.) |
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SPERM IS MADE AND ENCASED IN POLLEN IN
MALE CONES
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POLLEN IS CARRIED BY WIND TO FEMALE
CONE
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POLLEN TUBE IS MADE DOWN TO OVARY
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SPERM MOVES DOWN POLLEN TUBE TO EGG
CELL IN OVARY
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SPERM AND EGG CELL FUSE INTO ZYGOTE
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ZYGOTE / EMBRYO IS ENCASED IN FUEL
FOR SPROUTING - A SEED
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NO ANSWER KEY FOR BONUS QUESTIONS.
Answer as many as you are able. Wrong answers
will not result in points being lost from the main exam. You can get
partial credit on these answers.
What Kingdoms include species that can photosynthesize?
Two Points for each right answer, but you can lose those two points for a wrong
answer.
For Three Points, give one fact about ginkgoes.
How do plants point their leaves toward a light source? Three
Points.
Most plant-derived recreational drugs are based on
chemicals that serve what function in the plants? Three Points.
Why are people who live in areas where beaver fever
is common usually able to drink the contaminated water and NOT get sick? Three
Points.
What ways can a jellyfish cause the death of a human?
Three Points each.
What causes swimmer’s itch? Three Points.
How do sheep tapeworms increase their chances to get
into sheep? Three Points.
Dracunculus are mentioned in the Bible, but
what sort of animal are they called? Three Points.
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