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SC 139 - Third Exam 2004
Answer Key
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
On the line to the left, place the letter of the
choice that best answers the question.
Three Points Each. NOTE: "e" answers are never
the correct answer.
1. Each annual tree ring is made up of a
___B___ a. Good-growth
dark ring and a poor-growth light ring
b. Poor-growth dark ring and good-growth light ring
c. A xylem ring and a phloem ring
d. A bark remnant and a growth ring
e. Ring part and an annual part
...the poor growth produces small cells packed
closely together (dark),
while good-growth cells are bigger and more spaced out (light)
2. Plants use the glucose produced by photosynthesis
primarily for
___B___ a. Energy &
as a water
source
b. Energy & structure
c. Structure &
reproduction
d. Chlorophyll & carbon
e. Its decorative qualities
...sugars are used as basic fuel, and starches
(made of many many sugars) -
mostly cellulose - are used in the cell walls that plants are held up
with.
3. The large, visible plant is almost always considered
the
___B___ a.
Germinator
b. Sporophyte
c. Gametophyte
d.
Pollinator
e. Part you eat
...it may be easiest to remember from the most
obvious example - ferns.
4. With the same wattage, under which bulb should a plant
grow best?
___C___ a.
Green
b.
Red
c. Purple
d. Ultraviolet
e. Lava lamp
...this is a combination of the colors that
chlorophyll can use (red, purple, etc.)
and which carries the most energy (shortest wavelength)
5. Which has a mesoderm?
___B___ a.
Jellyfish
b. Liver
fluke
c. Pine tree
d.
Fern
e. Is there an ointment for that?
...this is an animal trait (so c and d are
out), and jellyfish (cnidarians) don't
have this middle layer of cells (they just have outer ectoderm &
inner endoderm)
6. What happened during the Cambrian Explosion?
a. Multicelled plants and animals appeared.
b. The greatest mass extinction known
___D___ c. Life moved onto the land
d. All modern animal groups appeared
e. Ummm...boom?
...one of those things you have to remember.
7. Lichens are a combination of
___C___ a. Moss and
protozoan
b. Sexual and asexual
c. Algae and
fungus
d. Gymnosperm and bryophyte
e. Cute and annoying
...these were probably the first land plants - algae
making fuel, fungus
converting very raw materials into nutrients.
8. Which two groups are generally classified in the
same supergroup?
___B___ a. Tapeworms
&
ciliates
b. Flagellates & amebas
c. Flagellates &
ciliates
d. Sponges & flagellates
e. Flatworms and reality-show participants
...there are some flagellates that can crawl like
amebas, and some amebas
that can produce flagella, linking these groups.
9. Plant cuticle is used primarily for
___C___ a. Physical
protection
b. Light absorption
c. Prevention of water
loss
d. Water absorption
e. Text messaging
...this waxy material keeps the plant's water from
evaporating through the
outer linings.
10. Virtually all plants need a source of
__A____
a. Nitrogen &
phosphorus
b. Oxygen & nitrogen
c. Iron &
sodium
d. Oxygen & water
e. Validation
...they produce oxygen, so that's out, but they need
nitrogen for making proteins
and phosphorus for ATP, the usable fuel they get from respiration of sugar.
11. Bilateral symmetry is almost always
found with
___C___ a. Radial
symmetry
b. Meristematic growth
c. Cephalization
d. Pollen production
e. All of the other hard-to-remember terms
...cephalization, development of a "head," is
connected to movement with that end
always in front, and movement that must be balanced right-to-left, bilateral
symmetry.
12. A pollen tube is used to
___B___ a. Get pollen
onto pollinators
b. Get pollen to egg cells
c. Get pollen out from where it’s made
d. Spray pollen into the air
e. Apply pollen to birthday cakes
...it actually is a tunnel to get the sperm in
the pollen to the eggs cells, but we didn't
make that distinction.
SHORT ANSWER.
Answer any eight of the following questions for 4
Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than eight, only the first eight
will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.
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1. Give the basic function of each - |
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XYLEM |
PHLOEM |
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Brings water & nutrients up
a plant to the leaves |
Brings fuel-rich sap down a
plant to the roots
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2. For collar cells - |
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Where are they
In a sponge.
found?
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What do Filter
food particles from the water.
they do?
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3. Name or describe two different ways (processes, not
structures) that move water up in land plants. |
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Root (osmosis) pressure |
Water-to-water attraction
(cohesion)
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Water-to-tube sides attraction
(adhesion) |
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4. In general, when are tapeworms most dangerous to
hosts?
...in larval forms, when they can invade many critical organs
(adults, limited to the space of the intestine, rarely cause much
damage) |
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5. What two environments probably served as "staging
areas," places where adaptations could be used to move up on to
the land? |
Tidal
pools
(drying, movement, temperature, oxygen, all issues) |
Shallow fresh water
(ditto, except maybe for drying)
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6. Give two specific groups from entirely different phyla
that do alternation of generations |
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Ferns |
Mosses
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Corals |
Flatworms
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Malaria parasites |
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7. Give two features female pine cones have that
makes them distinguishable from male cones. |
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They're larger than male cones |
They're lower on the plants
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8. What makes something an intermediate host?
...a parasite reproduces asexually in them. |
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9. What are two general types of organisms with which plants
co-evolve? |
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Pollinators |
Seed spreaders
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Plant-eaters |
Plant parasites
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10. What is the basic process, including important energy
source(s), of photosynthesis?
CO2 + H2O
light > C6H12O6
+ O2
Carbon Water
Glucose
Oxygen
Dioxide
(sugar)
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11. What is the biological function of any type of fruit?
...it provides
a way for seeds to get away from the parent plant.
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12. Give the basic function of - |
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MICRONUCLEUS -
"Master copy" of DNA -
DNA used for making more
nuclei.
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MACRONUCLEUS -
"Day-to-day"
functions -
DNA used for making proteins.
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13.What two parts of eukaryote cells started, according to
theory, as endosymbionts? |
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Mitochondrion |
Chloroplast
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14. Name two different locations where the trees
are much more likely to be gymnosperms than angiosperms. |
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Higher altitudes |
Colder climates
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Poor soils |
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15. What is meant by the term pioneer organism?
...the first
organisms to "move in" to a "new" environment.
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LONG ANSWER.
Answer any four of the following
questions for Eight Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than four, only
the first four will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.
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1. Give the significant steps in a fern’s life cycle,
using the proper terms. Use this box as "paper" - there
isn’t necessarily a step for each line. |
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Sorus on sporophyte (frond)
releases spores.
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Spores land somewhere
appropriate and sprout into gametophyte.
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Sperm from male gametophyte
moves to female gametophyte when ground is wet.
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Zygote forms new sporophyte.
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2. Give four different sets of differences between - (if
some piece differs, be sure to say what piece and how
they differ) |
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MONOCOTS |
DICOTS |
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Only one seed section (cotyledon) |
2 seed sections (cotyledons)
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Flower parts in multiples of 3 |
Flower parts in multiples of 4
or 5
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Leaf veins are parallel
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Leaf veins branch from main
central vein
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Fibrous roots - roots mostly
similar-sized (usually)
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Taproot - main root much larger
than secondary roots (usually)
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Stems not ring-layered or woody |
Stems may be ring-layered,
woody
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| Vascular
bundles - ring in root, scattered in stem |
Vascular bundles - ring in stem,
central "X" in root
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4. What are four different types of challenges
that had to be eventually adapted to by organisms moving on to the land
from watery environments? |
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Drying out
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Holding oneself up
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Fast temperature fluctuations
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Direct sunlight
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High oxygen levels
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No support liquid for sperm
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At beginning, nothing was alive
there
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5. Give three sets of differences between - |
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FLAGELLA |
CILIA |
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Larger / longer
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Smaller / shorter
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Rarely more than a dozen found on a cell
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Always found in large numbers on a cell
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May carry various additional structures
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Do not carry additional structures (but may be fused into structures)
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When more than one is present, rarely act in a coordinated fashion
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Almost always act with a high degree of coordination
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Most common activity is a spinning / whipping
/ propellor motion
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Most common activity is an oarlike stroke somewhat like a swimming human's arm
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6. Name and give three sets of differences between
the two main body forms in Cnidaria. |
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POLYP
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MEDUSA
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Asexual
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Sexual
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Not mobile
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Mobile
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Mouth & Tentacles on top
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Mouth & Tentacles
underneath
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Often colonial
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Very rarely colonial
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7. Briefly explain how these parts of a germinating plant
manage to grow in the right directions - |
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ROOT - Auxins (growth
hormones) settle to bottom, making cells grow slower - top
grows faster, bending rootlet downward.
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STEM - Auxins (growth hormones)
settle to bottom, making cells grow faster - bottom grows
faster, bending shoot upward.
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8. What are four traits found in both sponges and
Cnidarians, but rarely or never in other animals? |
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2 cell layers only |
Middle layer is jellyish
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No organs |
Ameboid cells used to replace
regular cells
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No key for BONUS QUESTIONS.
Answer as many as you are able. Wrong
answers will not result in points being lost from the main exam. You can
get partial credit on these answers.
Which Kingdom is considered a "land
group"? Three Points.
The photosynthetic properties of the algae
types that grows at different depths works out as a mixture of what
two basic abilities? Four Points.
What two pre-existing abilities probably combined
to bring about the evolution of pollen? Four Points.
If you put a nail into a young tree so that an inch is
showing 5 feet from the ground, how will that be different (not exactly,
but in general) in 20 years’ time? Four Points.
What part of a tree’s vascular system is in the bark?
Three Points.
Why can people who live around water carrying amebic
dysentery or beaver fever drink the water without getting sick?
For Three Points, what prevents it?
How do researchers measure battle strategy in sea
anemones? Three Points.
The Black Sea ctenophore problem seems to be
going away. What’s the most likely explanation? Three Points.
What local disease is caused by schistosomes? Three Points.
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