|
SC 139 - Fourth Exam 2003
Answer Key
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
On the line to the left, place the letter of the choice that best answers the
question.
Three Points Each. NOTE: "e" answers are never
the correct answer.
1. Which belong to the same phylum?
___D___ a. Slug, roundworm, sea
cucumber b.
Fruit fly, earthworm, salamander
c. Octopus, starfish, lobster
d. Sea squirts, tortoises, cats
e. Maybe I should have looked at the pictures in the chapters...
...they are all chordates.
2. Which basic feature pretty much always is present in
animals with bilateral symmetry?
___A___
a. Cephalization
b. Closed circulation
system c. Legs
d. Wormlike shape
e. An ability to creep us out
..."heads" go with "matched sides"
3. Animals that produce uric acid as a waste also
___B___ a. Have
exoskeletons
b. Produce sealed eggs
c. Make no digestive
wastes
d. Live in water
e. Have other disgusting habits
...the non-toxic uric acid can build up inside an egg without
poisoning the fetus.
4. Which would have embryos whose cells divide
unevenly (spiral cleavage)?
___D___ a. Centipedes and
goldfish
b. Earthworms and snake
c. Starfish and
shark
d. Snail and grasshopper
e. It certainly wouldn’t be polite to ask them, would it?
...look for examples that are not echinoderms or chordates.
5. Which would have cartilage skeletons?
___A___
a. Hammerhead shark and
sting
ray b.
Goldfish and salamander
c. Starfish and sea
urchin
d. Snake and spider
e. Animals on a very tight budget
...the cartilage fish include the sharks and rays.
6. A swim bladder’s main advantage is that it
___A___ a. Conserves
energy
b. Improves respiration
c. Is used as a jet propulsion system
d. Changes the overall shape
e. Helps on those long commutes with no rest rooms available
...it adjusts the fish's buoyancy so that it doesn't have to
work to keep itself from sinking.
7. The freshwater oligochaete segmented worms we
looked at in the lab are
most closely related to
___D___ a.
Eels b.
Lancelets c. Tapeworms
d. Leeches e.
Linguini
...leeches are the only segmented worms on the list.
8. Which are arachnids?
___B___ a. Roundworms and
snakes
b. Scorpions and ticks
c. Millipedes and
centipedes
d. Snails and clams
e. Tricky, leaving out the one most people know...
...they are arthropods, which eliminates a and d;
beyond that, you
need to remember which are in the group with the spiders
(usually the easiest arachnids to remember).
9. Which are endothermic?
___D___ a. Starfish and
squids
b. Lizards and sharks
c. Alligators and
turtles
d. Crows and kangaroos
e. Sounds like something you need medication for
...birds and mammals; endothermic is "warm-blooded."
10. Which would go through metamorphosis into an adult
form?
___A___
a. Moth and
toad
b. Shark and spider
c. Slug and
earthworm
d. Snake and starfish
e. Madonna, but she’s not done yet
...certain insects and amphibians, where larvae are physically
very different from adults (caterpillars & tadpoles, in this
example).
11. Which is most likely to be able to breathe
through its skin?
___C___ a.
Insect
b.
Goldfish
c. Salamander
d.
Crocodile
e. It’s a neat trick in any case...
...they are the least waterproof of the examples - you can't
breathe through a waterproof barrier.
12. What the water vascular system does,
primarily, is done in other groups by
___D___ a.
Excretory
systems
b. Respiratory systems
c. Digestive
systems
d. Muscle systems
e. Government contracts
...it's the echinoderms' power-delivery system.
SHORT ANSWER.
Answer any eight of the following
questions for 4 Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than eight, only the first eight will
be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.
|
1. What are two completely different uses for chromatophores? |
|
CAMOUFLAGE |
COMMUNICATION
|
|
2. By definition, what is supposed to be the difference between - |
|
FUR GROWS TO CERTAIN
LENGTH
& STOPS
|
HAIR GROWS CONTINUOUSLY
(USUALLY DROPS OFF & STARTS OVER) |
|
3. What are two different types of features that DO NOT repeat
in segment after segment of segmented worms. |
|
SENSORY
REPRODUCTIVE (USUALLY) |
DIGESTIVE
|
|
4. Define plankton. Tell what it is rather than what sorts of
organisms are in it.
...SURFACE
ORGANISMS THAT MOVE WITH CURRENTS IN LARGE WATER BODIES.
|
|
5. What are two basic features found in both segmented
worms and arthropods? |
|
SEGMENTATION
ANTENNAE |
MANDIBLES
SERIAL HOMOLOGY
|
|
6. What are two different ways that a mantle cavity
can be used? |
|
RESPIRATION
FILTER FEEDING |
"JET" PROPULSION
|
|
7. Give one set of differences between the basic features of - |
|
MILLIPEDES |
CENTIPEDES |
|
USUALLY EAT PLANTS
2 SETS OF LEGS PER SEGMENT
PRODUCE DEFENSIVE POISONS
USUALLY VERY CYLINDRICAL |
USUALLY PREDATORS
1 SET OF LEGS PER SEGMENT
PRODUCE OFFENSIVE POISONS
USUALLY SOMEWHAT FLATTENED
|
|
8. Of the two types of structures used for moving in
insects, tell how many of what types are commonly present. |
|
SIX LEGS |
FOUR WINGS
|
|
9. The blood itself is used to do something in animals with closed
circulation systems that it rarely is used for in open systems. What
is that function?
...DISTRIBUTION
OF OXYGEN (open systems aren't that efficient, and oxygen is pretty
important to the cells).
|
|
10. The major subgroups of modern reptiles each include pairs
of types - name two subgroups, both types each |
|
SNAKES AND
LIZARDS
TURTLES AND
TORTOISES
|
ALLIGATORS AND
CROCODILES
|
|
11. What are two types of invertebrates, from different phyla,
that are considered fairly intelligent? |
|
OCTOPUS OR SQUID |
ANTS OR BEES OR TERMITES
|
|
12. What are the two different basic uses of the notochord? |
| SKELETAL
(used for swimming) |
EMBRYONIC ("tells" spinal
cord where to form)
|
|
13. For parapods - |
|
What
are
Paddle-like structures
they?
|
What
group
Segmented worms
has them?
|
|
14. What are two of the three major subgroups of mammals? |
Monotremes
Marsupials |
Placentals
|
|
15. Echinoderms have several features found in almost no other
animal groups. What are two such features? |
WATER
VASCULAR SYSTEM
TUBE FEET |
PENTARADIAL
|
|
16. What are the two different types of jawless fish
alive today? |
LAMPREY
EELS |
SLIME EELS / HAGFISH
|
LONG ANSWER.
Answer any four of the following questions for Eight
Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than four, only the
first four will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.
|
1. Give four classes of vertebrate chordates.
These are the big groups within the vertebrates. |
|
JAWLESS FISH |
CARTILAGE FISH
|
|
BONY FISH |
AMPHIBIANS
|
|
REPTILES |
BIRDS
|
| MAMMALS |
|
|
2. For three different types of nematodes, give the type of
nematode and then give one unique or unusual fact about that
particular type |
|
CAENORHABDITIS
ELEGANS
(or C. elegans) |
Used for embryo &
development research
|
|
ASCARIS |
Quite large; females
wander searching for males; can jam intestines.
|
| DRACUNCULUS
/ GUINEA WORMS |
Live
in abdomen; spread through drinking water, but no fecal
contamination needed; treatment is basis for caduceus, medical
symbol. |
| PINWORMS |
Live
in colon; may not be parasites; female leaves body to
lay eggs; common in U.S.; more common in higher
socioeconomic levels. |
| TRICHINELLA |
Larvae
embed in muscles of meat-eaters on way to canine host; humans
get them commonly from improperly cooked pork. |
|
FILARIAL WORMS
|
Passed by biting insects;
live in fluid systems.
|
|
HOOKWORMS |
Enter directly through skin;
emerge in lungs but migrate to intestines; live in intestines
but eat blood.
|
|
|
3. Under each of these types of skeleton systems, give two
advantages that one has over the other. Note, this is NOT
asking for sets of differences! |
|
EXOSKELETON |
ENDOSKELETON |
| Protective
of tissues |
Allows larger growth
|
|
Gives better leverage |
Can grow smoothly
|
|
4. Give two of the major subgroups of the mollusks,
and for each describe how the mollusk foot looks and/or works in
that subgroup. A labeled diagram is acceptable. |
|
Snails & Slug |
Flat ciliated surface for crawling
|
|
Clams, Oysters, Scallops |
Tongue-shaped for pushing &
digging
|
| Octopus
& Squids |
Tentacles with suckers
|
|
5. Give four subgroups of the insects. |
|
Dragonflies |
Flies
|
|
Springtails |
Ants, Wasps, Bees
|
| Termites |
Beetles
|
| "True
Bugs" |
Moths & Butterflies
|
| Fleas |
Lice
|
| Grasshoppers
& Relatives |
|
|
6. For four basic features of birds that relate to flight, name
the adaptation and then explain how it helps birds to fly. |
|
WINGS |
Needed for flight.
|
|
FEATHERS |
Broad, flat, light flight surfaces.
|
|
AIR SPACES IN BODY & BONES |
Reduces weight
|
|
BEAK, NO TEETH |
Reduces weight
|
| WARM
BLOODED |
Flight has high energy needs
|
| CARE
FOR YOUNG |
Help get them to flight age
|
|
7. Give the three sets of differences between the central
nerve cords in... |
|
INVERTEBRATES |
VERTEBRATES |
|
VENTRAL |
DORSAL
|
|
SOLID
|
HOLLOW
|
|
DOUBLE
|
SINGLE
|
NO KEY FOR BONUS QUESTIONS.
Answer as many as you are able. Wrong
answers will not result in points being lost from the main exam. You can get
partial credit on these answers.
Many people locally have preventive medication for roundworms
in their homes. What type of roundworm is it? Three Points.
Briefly explain why there can be no identical twin
mosquitos. Four Points.
Horseshoe crabs, sharks, and crocodiles all represent
what sort of evolutionary process? Three Points.
Before South America connected to North America, what was the
top predator in many of its ecosystems? Three Points.
Mammals in Australia belong to one of the major
subgroups. The only exceptions are people and the mammals they brought with
them, and what other mammals? Three Points.
Which two groups, if they had been able to adapt to fresh
water systems, would probably have been better at it than our fishy ancestors?
Three Points Each.
Which basic body plans show up in multiple unrelated
animal groups? Three Points Each.
Which major group - Kingdom or Phylum, nothing smaller, so you have to know
the big groups here - should be considered the most successful
group, and why? You can do up to three, for Four Points
Each.
|