SC 139 - Fourth Exam 1998

MULTIPLE CHOICE.

On the line to the left, place the letter of the choice that best answers the question.
Three Points Each. NOTE: "e" answers are never the correct answer.

1. Insects can usually be recognized from their combination of

_______       a. 2 body sections, 6 legs, and 2 wings
                    b. 3 body sections, 8 legs, and 2 wings
                    c. 2 body sections, 8 legs, and 4 wings
                    d. 3 body sections, 6 legs, and 4 wings
                    e. Terrible bodies, skinny legs, and raggedy wings

2. Which are in the same phylum?

_______       a. Earthworm and sea cucumber                 b. Bat and dragonfly
                    c. Sea squirt and eagle                               d. Roundworm and liver fluke
                                        e. Could I alphabetize them instead?

3. The defining characteristic between the two major subgroups of Arthropods:

_______       a. Numbers of legs         b. Types of mouthparts        c. Habitat type
                    d. Numbers of body divisions            e. Original recipe or extra crispy

4. Which would have to molt?

_______       a. Horseshoe crab             b. Snail            c. Sea urchin             d. Shark
                        e. Well, it'd be a lot easier after a few bottle of molt liquor (ouch!)

5. Which vertebrate group has the most named species?

_______       a. Birds             b. Mammals             c. Bony fish            d. Reptiles
                                e. I got yer group and yer names right here-!

6. Probably the most important aspect of the swim bladder of bony fish is that it

_______       a. Helps draw oxygen from the water
                    b. Gives the muscles something to pull against
                    c. Could be evolved into a lung
                    d. Helps conserve energy
                    e. Does not produce detectable "warm spots" in the swimming pool

7. Crustaceans are in the same major subgroup as

_______       a. Clams             b. Insects             c. Scorpions            d. Cartilage fish         e. Butter

8. Mantle cavities could be found in

_______       a. Sea urchins and crayfish                     b. Sea anemones and starfish
                    c. Snails and jellyfish                             d. Oysters and squid
                                e. In fireplaces with built-in knick-knack cabinets

9. Which would go through metamorphosis to become adults?

_______       a. Toad and fly             b. Leech and slug            c. Spider and crow
                    d. Lizard and salamander                e. Isn't that right below Poughkeepsie?

10. The roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans is an important study animal in the field of

_______       a. Disease biology             b. Embryo development            c. Soil ecology
                    d. Drug development                    e. Impossible-to-pronounce names

11. Complex communication abilities can be found in which invertebrates?

_______       a. Segmented worms and centipedes             b. Starfish and slugs
                    c. Squids and bees                                      d. Spiders and mites
                                        e. Do politicians count?

12. Which is a marsupial?

_______       a. Platypus             b. Opossum             c. Newt            d. Bat         e. Jerry Springer

13. Which structures in sharks are homologous?

_______       a. Scales and fins             b. Nerve cord and jaws            c. Scales and teeth
                    d. Gill slits and mouth                e. Their size and their scariness

14. Which are placental mammals?

_______       a. Whales and rats                         b. Bats and crows
                    c. Kangaroos and deer                   d. Apes and iguana lizards
                            e. Is it really important who does what with whom...?

15. Alternations of generations is a common characteristic of

_______       a. Frogs and butterflies                     b. Roundworms and snails
                    c. Flukes and corals                         d. Sharks and rays
                                        e. Rock music and fashion

SHORT ANSWER.

Answer any eight of the following questions for 4 Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than eight, only the first eight will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.

1. What are two of the subgroups of cartilage fish?

2. Name two different types of Arachnids.

3. Compared to exoskeletons, endoskeletons are better because: (two things)

4. Compared to endoskeletons, exoskeletons are better because: (two things)

5. The one-way, tube-in-a-tube digestive system was an important evolutionary development. What gives it such an advantage over earlier set-ups?

6. Name one Phylum of animals that are:

Protostomes:

Deuterostomes:

7. Give two characteristics of reptiles that are adaptations to full-time land-living.

8. What are the two functions of a notochord?

9. What common factor "forces" birds to migrate?

10. What are two of the subgroups of the segmented worms?

11. What are two characteristic features of reptiles that allowed them to move away from open water areas?

12. A dead, dried starfish leaves behind an endoskeleton that looks like a stiff version of the original animal. Why exactly isn't this considered an exoskeleton?

13. For each, give two sets of differences.

14. Name two types of behavior done by both groups of humans and groups of ants.

15. What are two general characteristic features of Echinoderms that are essentially unlike any other group's?

16. What is the main advantage to producing uric acid as a primary waste product?

LONG ANSWER.

Answer any three of the following questions for Eight Points Each.
Note: if you answer more than three, only the first three will be corrected.
You can get partial credit on these answers.

1. What are four characteristics of Arthropods that clearly are modifications of features that showed up first in the segmented worms?

2. For four types of nematode parasites of humans, give the:

3. Describe four flight-related characteristics of birds, and for each explain why it gives an advantage towards flying.

4. Each of the three modern subgroups of reptiles is divided into two "subsubgroups:"

5. Give the proper names of the three major mollusk subgroups, and for each describe the way that the foot is modified in that subgroup.

6. What are four distinctive characteristics of mammals?

BONUS QUESTIONS.

Answer as many as you are able. Wrong answers will not result in points being lost from the main exam. You can get partial credit on these answers.

What local filarial worm does not affect humans directly but may hit them in their wallets? Three Points.

For Three Points each, what biological reasons make it almost impossible for the Loch Ness Monster to be a plesiosaur (other than they're supposed to be extinct)?

What ability indicates a high intelligence level in octopi? Three Points.

In terms of how they've adapted to their habitat, amphibians are most like which plant group?  Three Points.

What very recent fossil find has firmed up the dinosaur-bird evolutionary connection? Three Points.

What two continents most recently contained marsupials almost exclusively? Two Points Each.

Many basic "designs" show up by convergent evolution in distantly related groups. For Three Points Each, name a design and two decent-sized groups in which that design is common.

There are many ways to judge the biological "success" of a group. For any Phylum-level or bigger group of organisms, name a group and give a good reason why that group could be considered the most successful. Five Points each, up to four groups.